Was The Flood Story Copied From Babylonia?

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Nope, never said that. But if we were to adopt your position, we'd have to concede that if there is no ark on Mt. Ararat in Turkey, then the whole of the Bible is false. Correct?
If The Ark is not on Mt. Ararat then I would say there are holes in the Word of God. But being the Bible also states the following I will stick with The Biblical account of the Flood...... v 8 He hath remembered his covenant forever, THE WORD which he commanded which he commanded to a thousand generations" Amen!
and this one..... v 104 "Through thy precepts I get understanding: therefore, I
I concur .. but I'm not sure it was called Ararat at the point of Authoring (1446-1406 bce) the Hebrew says 'rrt (no vowels) which could also be Uraratu .. the name of the Empire/country which Ararat was located .. nonetheless, I think that is exactly where it is ..

Marco Polo's Account:
The information for this section has been taken from the book, Marco Polo The Travels, Ronald Latham has translated the story from the Italian version. Marco Polo was born 1254 the son of a Venetian merchant. Marco joined his father on a journey to China in 1271. They spent the next twenty years traveling in the service of Kubilai Khan. Marco was a prisoner of war in Genoa in 1289 - 1290 and met Rustichello of Pisa. Together they wrote The Travels; a product of an observant merchant and a professional romancer. Marco Polo died in 1324 and left his inheritance to his three daughters. Here is a quote from his book with regard to Noah's Ark: "In the heart of Greater Armenia is a very high mountain , shaped like a cube (or cup), on which Noah's ark is said to have rested, whence it is called the Mountain of Noah's Ark. It [the mountain] is so broad and long that it takes more than two days to go around it. On the summit the snow lies so deep all the year round that no one can ever climb it; this snow never entirely melts, but new snow is for ever falling on the old, so that the level rises."

Record of Josephus:
5. After this, the ark rested on the top of a certain mountain in Armenia; which, when Noah understood, he opened it; and seeing a small piece of land about it, he continued quiet, and conceived some cheerful hopes of deliverance. But a few days afterward, when the water was decreased to a greater degree, he sent out a raven, as desirous to learn whether any other part of the earth were left dry by the water, and whether he might go out of the ark with safety; but the raven, finding all the land still overflowed, returned to Noah again. And after seven days he sent out a dove, to know the state of the ground; which came back to him covered with mud, and bringing an olive branch: hereby Noah learned that the earth was become clear of the flood. So after he had staid seven more days, he sent the living creatures out of the ark; and both he and his family went out, when he also sacrificed to God, and feasted with his companions. However, the Armenians call this place, (GREEK) The Place of Descent; for the ark being saved in that place, its remains are shown there by the inhabitants to this day.
6. Now all the writers of barbarian histories make mention of this flood, and of this ark; among whom is Berosus the Chaldean. For when he is describing the circumstances of the flood, he goes on thus: "It is said there is still some part of this ship in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans; and that some people carry off pieces of the bitumen, which they take away, and use chiefly as amulets for the averting of mischiefs." Hieronymus the Egyptian also, who wrote the Phoenician Antiquities, and Mnaseas, and a great many more, make mention of the same. Nay, Nicolaus of Damascus, in his ninety-sixth book, hath a particular relation about them; where he speaks thus: "There is a great mountain in Armenia, over Minyas, called Baris, upon which it is reported that many who fled at the time of the Deluge were saved; and that one who was carried in an ark came on shore upon the top of it; and that the remains of the timber were a great while preserved. This might be the man about whom Moses the legislator of the Jews wrote." Antiquities, Book I.

Lieutenant Roskovitsky, Russian Aviator's Account of the Ark on Ararat:
In the summer of 1916, during the thaw, Lieutenant Roskovitsky of the Russian Imperial Air Force noticed a half-frozen lake on the shelf or gully on the side of Mount Ararat while flying high-altitude test to observe Turkish troop movements. As they flew nearer to the lake, he saw a half submerged hull of some sort of ship. He noticed two stubby masts and a flat catwalk along the top. The following excerpts were taken from Berlitz.In Roskovitsky's words (from the New Eden Magazine, California, 1939): "We flew down as close as safety permitted and took several circles around it. We were surprised when we got close to it, at the immense size of the thing, for it was as long as a city block, and would compare very favorably in size to the modern battleships of today. It was grounded on the shore of the lake, with one-fourth underwater. It had been partly dismantled on one side near the front, and on the other side there was a great doorway nearly twenty feet square, but with the other door gone. This seemed quite out of proportion, as even today, ships seldom have doors even half that large ...."He then told his captain who wanted to be flown over the site. The captain stated that it was Noah's Ark and explained the reason for its survival as "frozen up for nine of ten months of the year, it couldn't rot, and has been in cold storage, as it were, all this time .... "The captain forwarded a report back to St. Petersburg resulting in orders from the Tsar to send two engineering companies up the mountain. One group of fifty men attacked one side, and the other group of one hundred men attacked the big mountain from the other side. Two weeks of hard work were required to chop out a trail along the cliffs of the lower part of the mountain, and it was nearly a month before the Ark was reached. Complete measurements were taken, and plans drawn of it, as well as many photographs, all of which were sent to the Tsar. From the magazine article: "The Ark was found to contain hundreds of small rooms, and some rooms that were very large, with high ceilings. The unusually large rooms had a fence of great timbers across them, some of which were two feet thick, as if designed to hold beasts ten times the size of elephants. Other rooms were also lined with tiers of cages, somewhat like what one sees today at a poultry show, only instead of chicken wire, they had rows of small iron bars along the front. Everything was heavily painted with a waxlike paint resembling shellac, and the workmanship of the craft showed all the signs of a high type of civilization. The wood used throughout was oleander, which belongs to the cypress family and never rots; which of course, coupled with the fact of its being frozen most of the time, accounted for its perfect preservation. "The investigation officers sent photographs and reports by courier back to Petrograd, to the personal attention of the Tsar. But Nicholas II apparently never received them during the breakdown of communications that followed the February and October Revolutions of 1917. The results of the investigation have never been found or reported.. A rumor says the results and pictures of the Ark came to the attention of Leon Trotsky, who either destroyed them or placed them in a file destined to be kept permanently secret. And the courier who delivered the news, his silence was sealed with his execution.

George Hagopian:
George Hagopian has first hand knowledge of the ark. As a young child, he walked along the Ark's planks with his uncle. Artist, Elfred Lee, drew this picture of the Ark as directed by George Hagopian. The following excerpt is from Charles Berlitz, The Lost Ship of Noah , which details the fascinating story.
"He was eight years old, Hagopian said, and it was in the year 1908 [note: another account says the year was 1905 and Hagopian was 10 years old] when his uncle took him up Ararat, past Ahora Gorge, passing the grave of St. Jacob on the way. As the mountain grew more precipitous his uncle carried him on his shoulders until they came to something that looked like a great ship located on a rock ledge over a cliff and partially covered by snow. It had flat openings like windows along the top and a hole in the roof. Hagopian had first thought it was a house made of stone but when his uncle showed him the outline of planks and told him it was made of wood he realized it was the Ark, just like the other people had described it to him. His uncle boosted him up from a rock pile to reach the Ark roof telling him not to be afraid, "because it is a holy ship ..." (and) "the animals and people are not here now. They have all gone away." Hagopian climbed on the roof and knelt down and kissed the surface of the roof which was flat and easy to stand on.
While they stood alongside the Ark his uncle shot into the side of it but the bullets bounced off as if it were made of stone. He then tried to cut off a piece of the wood with a sharp knife and was equally unsuccessful. On this first visit to the Ark they spent two hours there looking at it and eating some of their provisions. When Hagopian returned to his village eager to tell the other boys about his adventure they replied, rather anticlimactically, "Yes, we saw the Ark too."
Hagopian died in 1972. Since he was unable to read maps with any accuracy he was unable to pinpoint on a map of the mountain where it was that he had seen and climbed on the Ark. He consistently told his interrogators that if he could get back to Mount Ararat he could lead a party to the Ark. Although his testimony was successfully approved by voice-stress analysis, it is not unusual that reports such as this , from a single person, even if firsthand, have been discredited because of lack of corroboratory evidence from others."

and then of course there is the NASA pictures ..
 
What you stated is about what I also explained to him/ her? Excellent study on this subject. Atheists among others would not want Noah' s Ark because it would prove God' s word is accurate. It would also take away Human control of what we are to believe from " Aithoratative" sourses.
 
What you stated is about what I also explained to him/ her? Excellent study on this subject. Atheists among others would not want Noah' s Ark because it would prove God' s word is accurate. It would also take away Human control of what we are to believe from " Aithoratative" sourses.

I wonder what they make of the NASA pics ..

this is why I say their nay-saying is faith-based .. they draw conclusions without even examining all the evidence .. which illuminates a desire for it to be false ..
 
The Bible talks about the "Wailing, etc" at the Great White throne judgement someday....It will be from all those who put their faith in Science and Mankind alone, and mocked the Word of God and it's sobering truth...
 
Probably say " Photo Shopped" the usual excuse to cover themselves...

A Turkish captain, Llhan Durupinar, was reviewing NATO Geodetic Survey photographs of the area in 1959, and noticed a boat shaped formation. Others in the U.S. then analyzed the photograph including Dr. Arthur J. Brandenburger, world famous expert in photogrammetry, who said "I have no doubt at all that this object is a ship. In my entire career I have never seen an object like this on a stereo photo. Even the approximate length of the object fits".

An article appeared in the September 5th, 1960, Life magazine, revealed a very impressive aerial photo of an extremely large boat-shaped object, plus two photos taken by the expedition.

A List of the Historians ..
Nicolaus of Damascus
Hieronymus the Egyptian
Berosus the Chaldean
Josephus
Marco Polo
 
Armenians consider themselves direct descendants of Noah, survivor of the Biblical flood. According to Genesis, ...the boat came to rest on a mountain in the Ararat range. Ararat, located in the heart of Armenia, was a Holy Mountain for the peoples of the ancient world. Many ancient scriptures placed the Biblical Garden of Eden in the Land of Armenia also called the Land of Ararat.
Tradition states that Noah founded Nakhichevan, the oldest of the Armenian cities. Moses Khorenatsi , historian of the 5th century, presents a detailed genealogy of the Armenian forefather Haik from Japheth, Noah's son. Thus, the territory of the Armenian Plateau is regarded as the cradle of civilization, the initial point for the further spreading of mankind all around the world.
The oldest myths reflect the wars of ancient Armenians against the neighboring Assyrians. Haik, considered the patriarch of the Armenian people, led his army to defeat the Assyrian giant Baeleus. By approximately 2100 BC, a prototype of the first Armenian state was founded. Even now, Armenians call themselves Hai (pronounced high), and their country - Haik or Haiastan, in honor of Haik. The Hittite scripts also mention a Haiasa country. Meanwhile, the Assyrian cuneiform writings designate Armenia as Urartu (Arartu), which means Ararat. The Old Testament also associates Armenia with the Mount Ararat (the Kingdom of Ararat).
In ancient times, Armenia was equally associated with the rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Araks and Kura. That is why the neighboring Assyrians also called Armenia, Nairi, standing for Riverland, Country of Rivers.
Haik, once thought to be just a hero of an epic legend, is presently accepted by some researches as an actual chieftain of Armens in the 3rd millennium BC. Historians proved that later Haik was deified and proclaimed the prime god in the pantheon of gods in the pagan Armenia.
One of Haik's most famous scions, Aram, considerably extended the borders of his country, transforming it into a powerful state. Since then, Greeks and Persian began to call the country Armenia, i.e. the country of Aram.
 
'oniyah is the Hebrew word for ship .. so Noah's ark was NOT a ship .. it was the means of the 1st passover .. in every passover through the ages God preformed, each was SEALED prior to keep it from death and to bring it into life ..

'arown is translated as "coffin" or more precisely "sarcophagus" in Gen 50:26 .. the method of interment of Joseph, was definitely an Egyptian one .. I believe 'arown can properly refer to any box or chest like structure with a lid ..
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when translating the less you add, the truer the translation is ..

Gen 8:4 shebiy`iy chodesh sheba``asar yowm chodesh tebah nuwach har 'Ararat

Gen 8:4 (on)(the) seventh month (of)(the) seventeenth day (of)(the) month, (the) Ark came to rest (on) mountain Ararat

note: the meaning of tebah is unclear .. the word Ark is not a definition or translitteration of tebah .. tebah may have a connotation of "that which holds a covenant/promise" or "that which preserves life" .. because Moses' was placed in a "tebah" also, made of reed ..
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"Ark" comes from the Latin word arca which means box or chest. In the trail from Greek to Latin to English we find Noah's Ark and the Ark of the Covenant sharing the same term.
In Genesis, the Hebrew term is tebah, which is used in only one other place - the basket of baby Moses.
http://www.worldwideflood.com/ark/what_shape/ark_box.htm

tebah Hebrew
The Masoretic Hebrew text describes Noah's ark using the term tebah {taw-bah} or tbh. [1]
It is not easy to establish the meaning of tebah because it appears in only two places - Noah's Ark and the reed basket of baby Moses.[2] Such disparate objects (a colossal ship and a tiny baby basket) have kept many scholars guessing. Obviously it can't mean either "ship" or "basket" specifically.
On the basis of this association there might be a number of meanings - anything from 'boat' to 'life saver'. It does not refer to the Ark of the Covenant.

Egyptian basket weaving was very advanced from the earliest records. They used coiled, plaited or woven techniques and a variety of materials and shapes.
Coiled basketry dominates the collections of surviving tomb items and ancient drawings.
"Oval and circular forms were particularly common, some having matching lids. Smooth, rounded lines and graceful reinforcement ribs can be seen in many surviving examples of ancient Egyptian coiled basketry."
http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/basketry/
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/basketry.htm

kibotos Greek
The Septuagint (LXX) uses the Greek word kibotos to describe Noah's Ark.
The same Greek word is also used to describe the Ark of the Covenant, but not Jochebed's basket.

Image Animman Studios
qibin
kibotos means a chest or coffin, but not Jochebed's basket..
This is where is gets interesting. The Greek word used for Moses' basket is now unrelated to Noah's Ark.
This means kibotos is almost certainly incapable of spanning such a broad meaning as the original word tbh . In the Bible itself, the Ark of the Covenant is arown, with a few instances that refer to "chest" and a single reference to a 'coffin".
The Septuagint (Greek) text is generally considered inferior to the Masoretic (Hebrew) manuscript when there is a point of contention. A famous example is the Apocrypha, which was part of the Septuagint but was later dropped by the Jewish rabbis and the majority of Christians today. So the LXX word for Noah's ark (kibotos) is in doubt since the Masoretic and the Septuagint cannot agree on it's scope of meaning. One says Noah's Ark is like a wooden box, the other like a reed basket. (12) (qibin)

Did Jesus ever say kibotos?
The familiarity of NT writers with the LXX means that virtually all Greek references to Noah's Ark could be derived from the one source - the Septuagint. NT references to Noah use kibotos where the ark is mentioned. For example, the writers of Hebrews 11:7 and 1 Peter 3:20 used kibotos.
Hbr 11:7 By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith.
1Pe 3:20 Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls were saved by water.
It is generally believed Jesus preached in Aramaic (8), so He would have used the same Hebrew word tbh. The words of Jesus as recorded in Greek in Matt 24:38 and Luke 17:27 once again employ the same word as the LXX.
Mat 24:38 ...they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark,
Luk 17:27 They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark,

ark arca Latin
The Latin term arca means "chest", which has become the English term ark used to describe Noah's boat as well as the box housing the Ten Commandments. [Middle English, from Old English arc, from Germanic *arca, from Latin arca, chest.]
The Hebrew and Greek scriptures were translated into Latin by Jerome between 382 and 405 AD. (9) This is quite a long time after the Septuagint (10) had made its mark, particularly on the early Christian church. There is a good chance the Latin version simply employed the Greek interpretation on this difficult Hebrew word. Certainly arca is used in exactly the same context as kibotos, which is a good clue. Both disregarded the original tbh for Jochebed's basket and used a completely different word instead.
There are only two possibilities - either there was no Greek word available to match Moses' use of the Hebrew tbh, or they simply ignored tbh here because it didn't match their idea of a reed basket. In either case, kibotos cannot be trusted to convey more speculative information (such as inference on shape) when it is clearly incapable of matching the Hebrew tbh in one of only two known contexts. As a substitute for tbh then, kibotos is in trouble from the start.

What if tbh really does mean box?
A wooden chest is typically a flat sided box, so words like kibotos and arca could create this impression simply by association.
Had tbh meant chest in Moses day, one would expect him to have used it for the Ark of the Covenant.
Box or chest is a strange name to give a reed basket when there are 3 other Hebrew terms for basket.
Even if tbh means box, this does not dictate rectangular sides. The sides of a small chest are slabs of wood, but at the scale of Noah's Ark the box shape is no longer a significant simplification.
A box shaped Egyptian coffin. http://www.egyptarchive.co.uk/
 
Book of Jasher (lost book) ..

Jos 10:13 So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, Until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies. Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.
2Sa 1:18 and he told them to teach the sons of Judah the song of the bow; behold, it is written in the book of Jashar.

Genealogies in the Book of Jasher
The "Book of Jasher", a midrash first published in 1625, provides some new names for Japheth's grandchildren not seen in the Bible or any other source. More complete genealogies reconstructed on this basis include:

Gomer "complete" (sons were Ashkenaz, Riphath and Togarmah) - also Gamir, Gommer, Gomeri, Gomeria, Gomery, Goth, Guth, Gutar, Götar, Gadelas, Galic, Gallic, Galicia, Galica, Galatia, Gael, Getae, Galatae, Galatoi, Gaul, Galls, Goar, Celt, Celtae, Celticae, Kelt, Keltoi, Gimmer, Gimmerai, Gimirra, Gimirrai, Gimirraya, Kimmer, Kimmeroi, Kimirraa, Kumri, Umbri, Cimmer, Cimmeria, Cimbri, Cimbris, Crimea, Chomari, Cymric, Cymry, Cymru, Cymbry, Cumber (Caledonians, Picts, Milesians, Umbrians, Helvetians, Celts, Galatians, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Goths, Vandals, Scandinavians, Jutes, Teutons, Franks, Burgundians, Alemanni, Armenians, Germans, Belgians, Dutch, Luxembourgers, Liechtensteiners, Austrians, Swiss, Angles, Saxons, Britons, English, Cornish, Irish, Welsh, Scottish, and other related groups);

Magog "land of God" (sons were Elichanaf and Lubal) - also Gog, Gogh, Magug, Magogae, Mugogh, Mat Gugi, Gugu, Gyges, Bedwig, Moghef, Magogian, Massagetae, Dacae, Sacae, Scyth, Scythi, Scythia, Scythae, Sythia, Scythes, Skuthai, Skythai, Scythia, Skythia, Scynthia, Scynthius, Sclaveni, Samartian, Scoloti, Skodiai, Scotti, Skoloti, Skoth-ai, Skoth, Skuthes, Skuth-a, Askuza, Askuasa, Alani, Alans, Alanic, Ulan, Uhlan also Rasapu, Rashu, Rukhs, Rukhs-As, Rhos, Ros, Rosh, Rox, Roxolani, Rhoxolani, Ruskolan, Rosichi, Rhossi, Rusichi, Rus, Ruska, Rossiya, Russian (Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians); also Mas-ar, Mas-gar, Masgar, Mazar, Madj,
Madjar, Makr-on, Makar, Makaroi, Merkar, Magor, Magar, Magyar, Mohgur (Hungarians - also Hungar, Hunugur, Hurri, Gurri, Onogur, Ugor, Ungar, Uhor, Venger); Finns, Lapps, Estonians, Siberians, Yugoslavians, Croatians, Bosnians, Montenegrins, Serbians, Slovenians, Slovakians, Bulgarians, Poles, Czechs, and other related groups);

Madai "middle land" (sons were Achon, Zeelo, Chazoni and Lotalso) - also Mada, Amada, Madae, Madea, Manda, Maday, Media, Madaean, Mata, Matiene, Mitani, Mitanni, Megala (Medes, Aryans, Persians, Iranians, Kurds, Turks, Indians, Pathans, Hazaras, Gypsies, Tartars, Cossacks, Afghans, Pakistanis, Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs, Turkmen, Uzbeks, Tajiks and Kyrgyzs.

Javan "miry" (sons were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim) - also Jevanim, Iewanim, Iawan, Iawon, Iamanu, Iones, Ionians, Ellas, Ellines, El-li-ness, Hellas, Hellenes, Yavan, Yavanas, Yawan, Yuban, Yauna, Uinivu, Xuthus (Greeks, Fomorians, Spartans, Dorians, Britons, Aeolians, Achaeans, Myceneans, Ancient Macedonians, Carthaginians, Cypriots, Cretans, Basques, Latins, Venetians, Sicanians, Romans, Sicilians, Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, and other related groups);

Tubal "brought" (sons were Ariphi, Kesed and Taari) - also Tabal, Tabali, Tubalu, T'bilisi, Tibarenoi, Tibareni, Tibar, Tibor, Sabir, Sapir, Sabarda, Subar, Subartu, Thobal, Thobel, Tobol, Tobolsk (Russians, Georgians, Dagestanis, Chechens,Albanians, and other related groups);

Meshech "drawing out" (sons were Dedon, Zaron and Shebashni) - Me'shech, Mes'ek, Meshekh, Meskhi, Mushch, Muschki, Mushki, Mishi, Muski, Mushku, Musku, Muskeva, Muska, Muskaa, Muskai, Maskali, Machar, Maskouci, Mazakha, Mazaca, Massagatae, Mtskhetos, Modar-es, Moskhi, Moshkhi, Mosher, Moshch, Moschis, Mosoch, Moschi, Moschian, Mo'skhoi, Moschoi, Mosochenu, Mosochean, Mossynes, Mosynoeci, Moskva, Moscovy, Moscow (Russians, Muscovites, Latvians, Lithuanians, Romanians, and other related groups);

Tiras "desire" (sons were Benib, Gera, Lupirion and Gilak) - also Tiracian, Thracian, Thirasian, Thuras, Troas, Tros, Troia, Troi, Troy, Trajan, Trojan, Taunrus, Tyrsen, Tyrrhena, Rasenna, Tursha, Tusci, Tuscany, Etruscan, Eturscan (Thracians, Pelasgians, Phrygians, Leleges and Etruscans.
 
Ricko,

Not everyone shares your black/white absolutist way of thinking where the Bible is either 100% literally true, or it is 100% false. Just keep that in mind.
 
ixoye,

I thought you were done discussing this subject? Now you're back to spamming the thread with long copied material? So maybe you can now address....

I've mentioned the problem with your "smooth earth" idea and how much energy would be required to do all that, and the extreme problems it causes (inhabitable earth). What is your answer to that?

I've also described what should be apparent in the genetic record of all animal organisms, yet isn't. What is your answer to that?

As far as the Egyptian history, you deliberately omitted two of the main periods in their history, and part of another in order to claim that there's a "gap". But the gap simply doesn't exist. Why did you omit the entire Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, and part of the Middle Kingdom?

Address these questions before spamming the thread with more copied material.
 
I will keep that in mind Ma' am. For the record however...The Bible is not all Literal. In another thread I explained that The Bible is all of the following regarding meaning: Literal...Typology...Types and Shadows...Single and dual meanings, etc. This is what separates the rubber from the proverbial road....God Bless
 
Building the Ark

a) Time & Labor ..
The amount of time and work force it took to build the ark is not given, and therefore could have varied from 1 year to 100 years depending on if Noah employed other laborers (a reasonable assumption) besides his 3 sons who were already 100 years old at the time of the flood ..
Genesis 7:14 only gives us the data that the ark was already built when God told Noah he had 7 days to get the animals on board the Ark, so the amount of time between Gen 6:14 & Gen 7:14 is simply "unknown" ..

Gen 6:14 "Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch.

b) Materials ..
The materials used were gopher wood and pitch .. gopher wood is from an unknown tree, but would need to be a wood suitable for ship building that was not very porous .. pitch is tar, and was used to waterproof the wood inside and out as well ..

Gen 6:15 "This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.
Gen 6:16 "You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from the top; and set the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.

c) Dimensions ..
There have been different cubits used throughout history .. 18" is the standard cubit, while 21" was the royal Egyptian cubit .. the cubit is said to be the standard distance from a man's elbow to his finger tips .. using the smaller of the two units (which I believe is correct) would add greater restriction on housing all the animals by less in the ark's overall size .. using the 18" unit means that the ark would have been 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high ..
3 decks divided by 45' in height, gives us about 13' height per deck (minus the thickness of the 2 floors dividing them and the base and roof of the ark) .. therefore smaller animals like birds, rabbits etc could have cages stacked as well (similar to warehouse racks) with off shoot aisles off the main center aisle ..
The lower deck however, could be greater in height (and the top less) if more then 13' was needed for an animal, however a younger animal would also be a solution (and preferable) as the animals being able to breed after the flood was paramount ..
The 3 decks could also be used to divide animals as to size and prey/predator ..

d) Dynamics ..
The displacement tonnage of the ark (which is the weight of water it would displace) at a drought of 15 cubits would be more than 22,000 tons .. By comparison the U.S.S. Salem, a 716-foot-long heavy cruiser commissioned in 1949, has a displacement tonnage of 21,500 tons. The ark's gross tonnage which is a measure of cubic space (100 cubic feet is one gross ton) would be 15,100 tons. The ark's total volume would have been 1,518,000 cubic feet .. This would equal the capacity of 569 modern railroad stock cars .. The standard size for a stock car is 44 feet long and a volume of 2670 cubic feet .. This would make a train more than 5 ½ miles long. The floor space for the ark would be over 101,000 square feet. This would be more floor space than 21 standard college basketball courts .. By comparing the measurements of the ark it is easy to see that it would be comparable to today's ocean going vessels .. It was probably the largest vessel of its type built until the late 1800's when metal ships were first built ..
The ark was built on a 1:6 width X length ratio (50 cubits to 300 cubits) .. The science of naval architecture reveals that the most stable ratio for an ocean going vessel is 1:6 .. All modern day ocean going vessels use this same length to width ratio .. It is estimated that the ark could easily have survived even the largest of ocean waves .. If the ark were equipped with a dragging stone anchor, it could meet any size ocean wave .. The design of the ark would have made it almost impossible to turn over ..
 
Building the Ark

a) Time & Labor ..
The amount of time and work force it took to build the ark is not given, and therefore could have varied from 1 year to 100 years depending on if Noah employed other laborers (a reasonable assumption) besides his 3 sons who were already 100 years old at the time of the flood ..
Genesis 7:14 only gives us the data that the ark was already built when God told Noah he had 7 days to get the animals on board the Ark, so the amount of time between Gen 6:14 & Gen 7:14 is simply "unknown" ..

Gen 6:14 "Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall cover it inside and out with pitch.

b) Materials ..
The materials used were gopher wood and pitch .. gopher wood is from an unknown tree, but would need to be a wood suitable for ship building that was not very porous .. pitch is tar, and was used to waterproof the wood inside and out as well ..

Gen 6:15 "This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.
Gen 6:16 "You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from the top; and set the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.

c) Dimensions ..
There have been different cubits used throughout history .. 18" is the standard cubit, while 21" was the royal Egyptian cubit .. the cubit is said to be the standard distance from a man's elbow to his finger tips .. using the smaller of the two units (which I believe is correct) would add greater restriction on housing all the animals by less in the ark's overall size .. using the 18" unit means that the ark would have been 450 feet long, 75 feet wide and 45 feet high ..
3 decks divided by 45' in height, gives us about 13' height per deck (minus the thickness of the 2 floors dividing them and the base and roof of the ark) .. therefore smaller animals like birds, rabbits etc could have cages stacked as well (similar to warehouse racks) with off shoot aisles off the main center aisle ..
The lower deck however, could be greater in height (and the top less) if more then 13' was needed for an animal, however a younger animal would also be a solution (and preferable) as the animals being able to breed after the flood was paramount ..
The 3 decks could also be used to divide animals as to size and prey/predator ..

d) Dynamics ..
The displacement tonnage of the ark (which is the weight of water it would displace) at a drought of 15 cubits would be more than 22,000 tons .. By comparison the U.S.S. Salem, a 716-foot-long heavy cruiser commissioned in 1949, has a displacement tonnage of 21,500 tons. The ark's gross tonnage which is a measure of cubic space (100 cubic feet is one gross ton) would be 15,100 tons. The ark's total volume would have been 1,518,000 cubic feet .. This would equal the capacity of 569 modern railroad stock cars .. The standard size for a stock car is 44 feet long and a volume of 2670 cubic feet .. This would make a train more than 5 ½ miles long. The floor space for the ark would be over 101,000 square feet. This would be more floor space than 21 standard college basketball courts .. By comparing the measurements of the ark it is easy to see that it would be comparable to today's ocean going vessels .. It was probably the largest vessel of its type built until the late 1800's when metal ships were first built ..
The ark was built on a 1:6 width X length ratio (50 cubits to 300 cubits) .. The science of naval architecture reveals that the most stable ratio for an ocean going vessel is 1:6 .. All modern day ocean going vessels use this same length to width ratio .. It is estimated that the ark could easily have survived even the largest of ocean waves .. If the ark were equipped with a dragging stone anchor, it could meet any size ocean wave .. The design of the ark would have made it almost impossible to turn over ..
 
The People & The Animals

Gen 6:18 "But I will establish My covenant with you; and you shall enter the ark you and your sons and your wife, and your sons' wives with you.

Gen 7:1 Then the LORD said to Noah, "Enter the ark, you and all your household, for you alone I have seen to be righteous before Me in this time.

Gen 7:6 Now Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of water came upon the earth.
Gen 7:7 Then Noah and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him entered the ark because of the water of the flood.

Noah was the only one God viewed as not corrupt .. yet God said he should take his household (his wife, his three sons and their wives) as well ..
I believe like the clean and unclean animals, God also preserved a bad son, or bad wife of a son, to keep the element of "unrighteousness" alive as well (but back to an acceptable ratio) as having "free will" means nothing if there is no choice to be made ..

a) How many of each animals were on the Ark ..
Gen 6:19 "And of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.
Gen 6:20 "Of the birds after their kind, and of the animals after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them alive.

Gen 7:2 "You shall take with you of every clean animal by sevens, a male and his female; and of the animals that are not clean two, a male and his female;
Gen 7:3 also of the birds of the sky, by sevens, male and female, to keep offspring alive on the face of all the earth.

note: the "kind" of people Noah was to take onboard the Ark, were also 7 (like the clean animals) 3 pairs of males and females plus 1 ..

b) what does "clean & unclean" mean ..
Genesis chapter 6 is just a reference that God wanted two (male and female) of each type of animal for post-flood breeding purposes ..
Genesis chapter 7 gives more specifics as to the amount of males and females God wanted aboard the ark ..

meaning, of the clean animals: Seven is the total, 3 males and 3 females plus another of undetermined gender ..
meaning, of the unclean animals: two is the total, 1 male and 1 female only ..
example: clean and unclean birds are defined in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (clean birds are not described like the clean animals and clean fish) .. On examination of these two chapters certain characteristic of unclean birds are noted and by exclusion the characteristic of the clean birds can be determined .. Also in other parts of the Bible these characteristics are in agreement with Leviticus and Deuteronomy .. Clean birds belong to the orders: Galiformes, Anseriformes, and Passeriformes .. This includes chickens, waterfowls, pigeons and some grain eating perching songbirds .. The vast majority of the birds are unclean which means that only one pair of them would be included in the ark ..

In reality when properly understood Noah took on 7 individual (not 7 pairs) animals and birds of each kind that were clean.
Since these were clean animals and clean birds that would be used for food later, it would be important to have extra breeding stock ..
In reality there were 3 pair of clean animals and clean birds plus a seventh. The seventh one was to be offered as a sacrifice at the end of the flood (Gen. 8:20).
If an animal were unclean, which the vast majorities were, then only one pair was taken aboard.

c) what does "kind" mean ..
an unclean GENUS (kind) could have a male of one SPECIES and a female of another specie and breed both species and variants also would arise .. while a clean GENUS (kind) could be 3 pairs of the same 3 specie or a mix which could even be 7 different species represented in the Genus (kind)
lions & tigers or horses & donkeys are good examples .. when you breed the two together, they produce a liger & mule .. however, a male liger and mule are born sterile and cannot reproduce, meaning they are not a true specie since they cannot support even 1 generation without reverting back to their original specie .. yet any type of lion with any type of lion, or any type of tiger with any type of tiger can ..
thus the term "kind" is defined by the restraints of reproduction between Genus ..

The Canidae (canine) family includes about 14 genera of dog like animals. These include the coyote, dog, wolf, jackal, etc. The ark did not have to contain the hundreds of species of canines that make up this group. In reality, these were all represented by a few "kind." These "kind" would then produce all the animals that make up the Canidae family. For example all of the hundreds of varieties of domestic pigeons that have all been produced originated from one species, the wild rock pigeon (Columbia livia).

GENUS: HOMO SAPIENS includes black, white, yellow and red skin colors, and more then likely these "races" were included in the wives of Noah's sons ..
the same selection would be present in the GENUS (kind) of animals aboard the Ark .. meaning under wolf, a pair of black, grey and red plus another .. Tigers (etc) all would work in the same way, supplying the DNA for variances for the many "Species" we have today ..

Gen 1:24 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kind: cattle and creeping things and beasts of the earth after their kind"; and it was so.

miyn
strongs ..
1) kind, sometimes a species (usually of animals)

that is their only definition
(I have busted Strongs being wrong on a few occasions)

so let's look deeper ..
Root Word (Etymology)
From an unused root meaning to portion out
which "to me" implies an original source

however you are still faced with a dilemma .. that being .. according to biblical genealogy the flood date is approximately 2400 BCE .. meaning that is NOT enough time to have the divergence implied ..

Gen 6:20 "Of the birds after their kind, and of the animals after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them alive.

here again the word "miyn" is used ..

thus the "true" meaning must fit the scenario .. namely lions and tigers are a different "kind"
 
Caring for the Animals ..

Gen 6:21 "As for you, take for yourself some of all food which is edible, and gather it to yourself; and it shall be for food for you and for them."
Gen 6:22 Thus Noah did; according to all that God had commanded him, so he did.

a) food & water
self maintenance

watering and feeding was easy
rain water to water the animals with .. gravity feed
note: gravity feed would not even need a faucet as like the pet ones gravity fed you can buy ..
feeding shoots down to cages below
they used faucets I'm sure
or at least a peg that was drilled through the wood pipe that they can turn that had a hole in it .. thus just twist the peg and water turns on .. twist it again and it is off
water all the animals troughs in an hours time
same thing with food, have a hatch above the cages

I figured out the capacity they could get all animals on only 2 floors
that means the top floor could hold food
animals were hibernating lot of them
less water and food needed
also don't forget God made them docile
Bible says so
probably slept a lot
rainy days are for sleeping :-D
as far as fresh meat .. they could always use rabbits and such
however Bible says Lions will eat grass in the 1000 millennium reign
rabbits breed like crazy
they couldn't keep them all
alot of other animals the same
especially if they kept a few of them just for breeding
sheep too

they would not have had to keep all sub-species either
such as grey and red wolves
because they can be produced them within a specie
God could very well have made the Lions sleep alot
chickens make good food too ;-)

fertilizer throw it overboard
it only rained continually for 40 days, it does not say it did not rain normally during the 10 1/2 months waiting for the water to reside ..
10 1/2 months they had sun and some showers
means they could even grow food on the top deck
use the fertilizer
fresh food and fresh water
self sustaining
people who say it couldn't work are not using common sense

b) waste & removal
here is how you clean the cages of the tigers
like a zoo
you build like a box for the Tigers to sleep in
then you lower the door while they are in it
now you are safe
shovel the poop into a bucket
lift it up like a wishing well .. with a crank on the top
 
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